Sanitation
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Sanitation is an integral and essential component of the water cycle
The Importance of Sanitation
Depending upon the applicable land use, the volume of wastewater collected for ultimate disposal can comprise a significant proportion of the water consumed. Also, the level of contamination of such water is primarily a function of the use to which it has been put. The sizes/capacities and structural conditions of the conduits (sewers) through which the wastewater is conveyed are critical factors in their potential for pollution of the environment and the consequent availability of water that is suitable for future consumption. Thus, constant monitoring and maintenance of such conduits is critical to a well-managed sanitation system.
Condition monitoring will reveal the status of the following element of the conduits, which will inform the type(s) of maintenance interventions required:
- Alignment (vertical & horizontal)
- Joint damage / root intrusion
- Detritus deposition / blockage potential
- Cracking / breakage
- Corrosion / collapse
Sanitation Services
Investigations & Rehabilitation
- Sewerage systems deteriorate over time.
- Faults develop causing operating and maintenance difficulties.
- In-situ investigations enable rehabilitation and/or upgrading (usually) by means of trenchless techniques.
Sewer Networks
- Sewers collect wastewater and convey it towards the collector and outfall systems.
- Sewers are sized and graded to take account of peak flow times, rates of flow and flow velocities.
Collector Sewers, Sub-Outfall Sewers and Outfall Sewers
- Collector, sub-outfall and outfall sewers convey wastewater from the sewerage networks to the wastewater treatment facilities.
Wastewater Treatment
- The extent of the treatment depends on the quality of the wastewater & the end-use of its output.
- Treatment processes vary from an oxidation pond system, at the lower end, to highly sophisticated systems.
- Typically, the (liquid) treatment process entails:
- Preliminary treatment:
- screening
- grit removal
- primary settling
- flow measurement
- Primary treatment:
- Settling
- Secondary treatment:
- Ponds
- Biofilters
- Activated sludge and/or technology alternatives
- Tertiary treatment:
- Clarification and disinfection
- Advanced treatment:
- technology specific depending on use specification (reuse as industrial water, drinking water quality objectives, etc)
- Preliminary treatment:
Selected Projects
- Jupiter Pump Station Elimination Sub-outfall Sewer
- Klipfontein Regional Outfall Sewer
- Johannesburg Region D Sewer Renewal
- Parkhurst Sewer Upgrading and Renewal
- Woodmead Collector Sewer Upgrade
- Chiawelo and Molofo Sewer Upgrading
- Renco Mine Sewerage and Sewage Treatment
- St Marys Township Sewerage
- Mushroom Farm Sewer Pipe Bridge
- Ormonde – Booysens Reserve Link Sewer
- Modderfontein Holding 72 Link Sewer
- Chitungwisa Township Sewerage
- Johannesburg N/E Catchment Sewerage Investigation
- Wadeville Ext 39 Link Sewer
- Ormonde Exts 25, 29, 30, 32 & 35 Sewerage
- Thornhill Clusters Sewerage, Modderfontein
- Tsakane Ext 5 Sewerage & Link Sewer
- Witkoppen Ext 130 Sewerage
- Sunninghill Link Sewer
- Klipspruit Basin Sewer Structural Integrity Investigation
- Heia Safari Sewage Works
- Terenure Ext 42 Industrial Township Sewerage
- Modderfontein 34, 38, 46, 48, 50A, 71 & 74 Sewerage Investigation
- Sunninghill Ext 111 Sewerage
- Rosherville, Pump Station Elimination Sewer
- Greater Ellis Park Sewer Infrastructure Investigation
- Greater Ellis Park Sewer Condition Assessment
- Vosloorus 8683 & 8686 Sewerage
- Tunney Ext 5 Link Sewer
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